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Classification, name and designation of greases on ГОСТ 23258-78
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ГОСТ 23258-78 (state standard) regulates the naming of greases names and introduces their designations. It provides that each grease must be given a name (Litol, Orion, Graphitol and etc.) and a designation containing five letter and number indexes.

The name is assigned to the grease in approving (revising) the regulatory and technical documentation. So, in revising ТУ (technical specifications) greases ВНИИ НП-286M, ВНИИ НП-288, ВНИИ НП-505 they were given names: Эра, СВЭМ, Старт. The introduction of verbal names prevents accidental mistakes when ordering and applying of greases. It’s easy to confuse of greases name like a ВНИИ НП-223 and ВНИИ НП-232, but it’s impossible to make a mistake in the names of greases Солидол, Лита and etc. The name of the grease can reflect its features (Криогель, Зимол – frost-resistant), composition (Литол, Лита – thickened with lithium soup), application area (СВЭМ – grease for electro-machines) and etc. The designation of the grease name briefly characterizes its purpose, composition and properties.

The designation consists of five alphabetic and numeric indexes, which are arranged with in the following order and indicate:

grease group (subgroup) in accordance with purpose;

the type of thickener;

recommended (conditional) temperature range of application;

type of dispersion medium;

grease consistency.

The first index of the grease designation – the group (subgroup) of the grease in accordance with purpose (table №1).

The second index of the grease designation (table №2).

Complex soup is designated by the lowercase letter “k”, which is written before the index of the corresponding soap (kKa, kPa, etc).

A mixture of two or more thickeners is designated by a composite index (ka-Na, Li-Bn, Ci-Pg etc.). In the first place put the thickener index which is part of the grease in greater quantities.

M, O, H indexes are used only in cases when the thickener, which is part of one of the three groups (soaps, organic and nonorganic substances), isn’t provided for in the list given in table №2.

Composition and main characteristics of greases on various thickeners are given in table №3.

The third index of designation of the grease is the recommended temperature range of application, which is indicated by a fraction: in the numerator (without a minus sign) – the minimum, and in the denominator – the maximum temperature, reduced by 10 times.

For instance, the 3/13 index corresponds to a temperature range of application from -30 to 130 degree Celsius.

The minimal temperature of application is the temperature at which the viscosity of the antifriction grease, as defined in ГОСТ 7163-63, is 2000 Pa-s. For pre-production, highly specialized, briquette, preservation, rope, thread greases, the minimal temperature is indicated in accordance with the technical documentation for the grease.

The maximum temperature of application is the temperature which recommended in the technical documentation for the grease.

The recommended temperature range has an indicative nature, since the permissible temperatures of application depend not only on the grease properties, but also on the design and operating conditions (speed, load, time to change the grease) of the friction unit, etc.

The fourth index of designation of the grease is the type of dispersion medium and solid additives which is indicated the lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet in accordance with indexes are shown in table №4.

The mixture two or more oils are indicated by composite index (nk, ue, etc.) in the first place put the oil index which is part of the type of dispersion medium in greater concentration.

The “p” index is applied in cases when a synthetic or other oil that is part of the dispersion medium synthetic is not included in the list.

When making oil-based greases, the “n” index isn’t indicated – it’s only used when marking on a mixture of oil and some other oil.

If there are solid additives in the grease, their designation is put through a dash after the temperature range index or the dispersion medium index.

The fifth index of designation of the grease – consistency class is indicated the Arabic number (table №5).

Lubricants with a penetration that is intermediate between the consistency classes are referred to the nearest class. The consistency of the classes provided for in the ГОСТ 23258-78 coincide with the NLGI-ASTM recommendations.

If the consistency class is immediately after the index of the temperature range, then put a dash in front of it.

Examples of the grease designation:

The grease CKa2/7-3:

С – general purpose antifriction grease used at temperatures up to 70 Celsius degree (solidol);

Ка – the grease thickened of the calcium soap;

2/7 – the grease is recommended to application at temperatures from -20 to 70 Celsius degrees (the grease viscosity at -20 Celsius degrees is close to 2000 Pa-s); the index of the dispersion medium is absentee, therefore, the grease was produced on petroleum oil;

2 – the consistency of the grease belongs to the 2nd class (penetration at 25 Celsius degrees is 265-295).

The grease KT6/5k-g4:

К – the rope grease;

Т – the grease thickened of the solid hydrocarbons;

6/5 – the temperature range of exploitation from -60 to 50 Celsius degree;

к – the grease was produced on silicon-organic liquid;

г – graphite is used as an additive;

4 - the consistency class of the grease – 4 (penetration at 25 Celsius degree is 175-205).



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Table 1. Indexes of the groups (subgroups) in accordance with purpose.


Group and main purpose

Subgroup

Index

Applicability

Antifriction

For reducing of wearing and sliding friction of adjacent parts


General purpose for normal temperatures (solidols)

С

Friction units with an operating temperature up to 70 Celsius degree.

General purpose for elevated temperatures

O

Friction units with an operating temperature up to 70 Celsius degree.

Multi-purpose

M

Friction units with an operating temperature from -30 Celsius degree in conditions of elevated of the environment humidity.

Thermostable

Ж

Friction units with an operating temperature 150 Celsius degree or higher.

Frost-resistant

Н

Friction units with an operating temperature -40 Celsius degree or lower.

Extreme pressure and anti-wear

И

Rolling bearings at contact stresses above 2000 mPa and sliding bearings at specific loads above 150 mPa. Contain extreme pressure additives and solid additives.

Chemical-resistant

X

Friction units that have contact with aggressive environments (acids, alkalis, halogens and halogen connections, amines, hydrocarbons, etc.)

Instrumental

П

Friction units of devices and precise mechanisms.

Reducer

(transmission)

Д

Gears and helical gears of all types.

Running

(molybdenum disulfide, graphite and other pastes)

У

Mated surfaces to facilitate Assembly, to prevent scuffing and speed up running-in.

Single-purpose

(sectoral)

Б

Friction units for which greases must meet optional requirements not provided for in the above subgroups (pumpability, emulgiruet, sparking, etc.) For primary use in certain branches of technology (automobile, railway, industrial, etc.)

Briquette

B

Units and sliding surfaces with devices for using briquettes as greases.

Conservation

To prevent corrosion of metal products and mechanisms during storage, transportation and exploitation


З

Steel products and mechanisms of all types, except for steel ropes and cases requiring the use of preservative oils or hard coatings application.

Cable

To prevent wear and corrosion of steel ropes


K

Steel ropes and cables, of organic cores of steel ropes.

Seal

To seal gaps, facilitate Assembly and disassembly of fittings, stuffing boxes, threaded, detachable and movable connections of any, including vacuum systems

Reinforce

A

Shut-off valves and packing devices

Thread

Р

Threaded connection

Vacuum

В

Moveable and detachable connections and seals of vacuum systems



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Table 2. The index of the thickener type.

Thickener

Index

Soaps:

М

Aluminum

Ал

Barium

Ба

Calcic

Ка

Lithium

Ли

Sodium

На

Plumbum

Св

Zinc

Цн

Complex

кМ

Soups mixtures

М1-М2

Solid hydrocarbons

T

Organic substances:

O

Pigments

Пк

Polymers

Пм

Urates

Ур

Fluorocarbons

Фу

Inorganic substances:

Н

Clays (bentonite, etc.)

Бн

Soot

Сж

Silica gel

Си




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Table 3. Composition and main characteristics of greases.

Thickener

Dispersion medium

The temperature of the dropping point or melting range, Celsius

Maximum application temperature, Celsius

Water-resistance

Protective properties

Mechanical stability

Ал

Petroleum oil

70-100

80

Very good

Very good

Low

кАл

Petroleum oil

250-300

150

Good

Good

Very good

кАл

Silicon-organic liquid

250-300

200

Good

Good

Very good

Ба

Petroleum oil

90-120

90

Good

Good

Good

кБа

Petroleum oil

150-230

150

Good

Good

Good

Ка

Petroleum oil

70-150

70

Good

Good

Средняя

кКа

Petroleum oil

200-250

120

Good

Good

Good

кКа

Silicon-organic liquid

200-250

160

Medium


Medium


Medium

Ли

Petroleum oil

180-200

130

Good

Good

Low

На

Petroleum oil

120-200

110

Low

Low

Medium

кНа

Petroleum oil

200-250

150

Low

Low

Good

Т

Petroleum oil

50-70

50

Very good

Очень хорошие

Good

Пг

Silicon-organic liquid

-

250

Good

Medium


Good

Ур

Silicon-organic liquid

-

180

Good

Good

Good

Пм

Petroleum oil

-

100

Good

Good

Medium

Фу

Halocarbon liquids

-

150

Medium

Low

Low

Си

Silicon-organic liquid

-

150

Good

Low

Good

Би

Petroleum oil

-

120

Good

Medium

Good



Notes:

1. These characteristics are indicative, since depend not only on the thickener and dispersion medium, but also from the presence of additives, technology features, etc. in the grease.

2. Lubricants thickened with lithium hydroxystearate have good mechanical stability.

3. Halocarbon liquids are characterized by the high chemical resistance.

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Table 4. Indexes of the dispersion medium type and the presence of the additives.

Component

Index

Dispersion medium


Petroleum oil

н

Synthetic hydrocarbons (alkylaromatic, isoparaffin, etc.)

у

Silicon-organic liquids

к

Complex ether

э

Halocarbons liquids

ж

Fluorosiloxanes

ф

Perfluoroalkylpolyether

а

Other oils and liquids

п

Solid additives

Graphite

г

Molybdenum disulfide

д

Powders:


- plumbum

с

- coppers

м

- zincs

ц

Other solid additives

т

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Table 5. The index of the grease designation depending on the consistency class.

Penetration at 25 Celsius degree on ГОСТ 5346-78 x 10-1 mm.

Consistency class

400-430

00

335-385

0

310-340

1

265-295

2

220-250

3

175-205

4

130-160

5

85-115

6

Below 70

7



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